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Comprehensive Course

Cell Physiology

A comprehensive exploration of cellular function, from membrane transport and energy metabolism to signal transduction and specialized cell types. Understand how cells maintain homeostasis, communicate, and perform their specialized functions.

πŸ“š8 Parts
πŸ“–40+ Chapters
🎯Medical & Graduate Level
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🎯Key Learning Objectives

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Membrane Transport

Master the mechanisms of molecular transport across cell membranes

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Bioelectricity

Understand membrane potentials, action potentials, and electrical signaling

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Signal Transduction

Learn how cells receive and process extracellular signals

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Homeostasis

Explore how cells maintain internal balance and respond to challenges

πŸ“šCourse Content

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Part 1

Cell Membrane and Transport

Membrane structure, lipid bilayers, transport proteins, and movement of molecules across membranes

Membrane StructurePassive TransportActive TransportVesicular TransportMembrane Potential
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Part 2

Cellular Energetics

ATP production, mitochondrial function, glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, and metabolic regulation

GlycolysisCitric Acid CycleElectron Transport ChainATP SynthaseMetabolic Integration
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Part 3

Cell Signaling

Signal transduction pathways, receptors, second messengers, and cellular communication

Receptor TypesG-Protein SignalingTyrosine KinasesSecond MessengersSignal Integration
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Part 4

Muscle Physiology

Muscle contraction mechanisms, excitation-contraction coupling, and muscle fiber types

Skeletal MuscleCardiac MuscleSmooth MuscleExcitation-Contraction CouplingMuscle Metabolism
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Part 5

Neurophysiology

Action potentials, synaptic transmission, neurotransmitters, and neural circuits

Resting PotentialAction PotentialsSynaptic TransmissionNeurotransmittersNeural Integration
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Part 6

Epithelial Transport

Transepithelial transport, ion channels, water transport, and barrier functions

Tight JunctionsTranscellular TransportParacellular TransportWater ChannelsSecretion
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Part 7

Calcium Signaling

Calcium as a second messenger, calcium channels, pumps, and calcium-dependent processes

Calcium ChannelsCalcium ReleaseCalcium PumpsCalcium Binding ProteinsCalcium Oscillations
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Part 8

Cell Volume Regulation

Osmotic balance, volume-sensitive channels, regulatory mechanisms, and cellular homeostasis

OsmosisVolume SensorsRVD and RVIOrganic OsmolytesApoptotic Volume Decrease

πŸ“Foundational Equations

Nernst Equation

E_X = (RT/zF) ln([X]_o/[X]_i)

Equilibrium potential for an ion

Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz

V_m = (RT/F) ln(P_K[K]_o + P_{Na}[Na]_o + P_{Cl}[Cl]_i / ...)

Resting membrane potential

Fick's Law of Diffusion

J = -D(dC/dx)

Diffusive flux

Michaelis-Menten

v = V_{max}[S]/(K_m + [S])

Enzyme kinetics and transport

Cable Equation

λ²(βˆ‚Β²V/βˆ‚xΒ²) - Ο„(βˆ‚V/βˆ‚t) = V

Passive electrical spread

Hill Equation

Y = [L]^n/(K_d^n + [L]^n)

Cooperative binding

🧬Connection with Molecular Biology

Cell Physiology and Molecular Biology are deeply interconnected. While Molecular Biology focuses on the molecular machinery of the cellβ€”DNA, RNA, proteins, and their regulationβ€”Cell Physiology examines how these molecules work together to produce cellular functions and behaviors.

🧬From Molecular Biology

  • β†’Ion Channel Structure: Molecular architecture determines gating and selectivity
  • β†’Receptor Proteins: GPCR and RTK structure underlies signal transduction
  • β†’Transport Proteins: Transporter mechanisms from molecular studies
  • β†’Enzyme Kinetics: Metabolic pathways with molecular basis

πŸ”¬To Cell Physiology

  • β†’Membrane Potential: Ion channels create bioelectric signals
  • β†’Signal Cascades: Receptor activation triggers cellular responses
  • β†’Active Transport: Pumps maintain cellular gradients
  • β†’Energy Production: Mitochondrial function powers the cell

πŸ“‹Prerequisites & Course Map

πŸ—ΊοΈLearning Pathway

FOUNDATIONS∫ MathematicsCalculus, DE⚑ PhysicsElectricity, Circuitsβš—οΈ ChemistryGen + OrganicCORE SCIENCESπŸ”₯ ThermodynamicsFree Energyβš—οΈ BiochemistryEnzymes, Metabolism🧬 Molecular BiologyDNA, RNA, ProteinsTHIS COURSEπŸ”¬ Cell PhysiologyMembranes & SignalingBUILDS TOWARDπŸ’Š PharmacologyDrug Mechanisms🧠 NeuroscienceNeural Systems❀️ CardiovascularHeart & Vessels🫘 RenalKidney FunctionLEGENDPrerequisiteLeads toCELL PHYSIOLOGY KEY TOPICSβ€’ Membrane Transport & Ion Channelsβ€’ Bioelectricity & Action Potentialsβ€’ Signal Transduction & Second Messengersβ€’ Muscle Contractionβ€’ Calcium Signalingβ€’ Cell Volume Regulation

This course is designed for undergraduate students and above. The following foundational knowledge is strongly recommended before beginning the Cell Physiology course:

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Molecular Biology

DNA, RNA, protein structure, gene expression, and enzyme fundamentals

Recommended β†’
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Thermodynamics

Free energy, entropy, equilibrium, and driving forces for reactions

Strongly Recommended β†’
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Mathematics

Calculus, differential equations, and basic linear algebra

Essential β†’
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Basic Physics

Electricity, circuits (Ohm's law, capacitance), and diffusion

Essential
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Biochemistry

Amino acids, proteins, enzymes, and metabolic pathways

Strongly Recommended
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Cell Biology

Cell structure, organelles, and basic cellular processes

Helpful

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