Part 9: Climate Science

Understanding Climate Change

Climate science integrates atmospheric physics, oceanography, and Earth system science to understand past, present, and future climate. Anthropogenic climate change is one of the defining challenges of our time.

Topics in This Part

9.1 Paleoclimate

Ice cores, proxies, past climate variations

9.2 Climate Change

Observed changes, attribution, projections

9.3 Extreme Events

Heatwaves, droughts, floods, attribution science

9.4 Mitigation

Emissions reduction, carbon capture, adaptation

Climate Numbers

+1.1°C

Warming since 1850

420 ppm

CO₂ concentration

3.4 mm/yr

Sea level rise

← Part 89.1 Paleoclimate →